Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. ^ "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days Reform - China culture".Dragon Lady: The Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China. ^ Seagrave, Sterling, and Peggy Seagrave.Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. The Uniqueness of China's Development Model: 1842-2049. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. ^ "The Six gentlemen of Wuxu and Wuxu Reform".The six were beheaded in the following order: Kang Guangren (康广仁), Tan Sitong, Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu (杨深秀), Yang Rui (杨锐), and Liu Guangdi. Jung Chang wrote that Kang Youwei was a "master propagandist". Kang Youwei managed to escape to Japan, and he also spread stories to vilify Cixi. The testimony was found in Japanese archives in the 1980s. The assassination plan was concealed for a long time until the testimony of the man named Bi, who was ordered to kill Cixi but managed to escape, was revealing the plot to kill Cixi. Yang Rui was said to be innocent, but four of the six were among the conspirators, including Yang Shenxiu who proposed the plan to infiltrate Cixi's resident. However, biographer Jung Chang noted that Empress Dowager's action was also motivated by the assassination threat toward her. The six gentlemen stood trial on 28 September 1898, and were beheaded at Caishikou in Beijing without being tried by the Ministry of Justice. However, evidence has surfaced that the conservative "Iron Hat" faction might have threatened her by having a Chinese-Muslim army close to Beijing. The traditional view is that Cixi was the main instigator of these executions. ![]() On September 21, 1898, after growing intolerance of the Guangxu Emperor's hundred days' reform, Cixi and Ronglu successfully attempted a coup d'état in which all substantive power was taken from the Guangxu Emperor and assumed by Cixi, and the six reformers influencing Guangxu were arrested. Beheaded bodies on the ground in Caishikou Execution Grounds 1905, the Qing dynasty execution grounds where the six gentlemen were beheaded.
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